Pathological Gambling
Gambling is an activity in which a person places something of value (such as money or possessions) at risk for the chance to win a prize. Most people who gamble do so without serious problems, but a small number develop pathological gambling, an addiction that causes significant distress and harm in their lives.
The development of a gambling disorder is complex, and the etiology is multifactorial. There are many reasons why a person might become addicted to gambling, including mood disorders and a lack of social support. There is also evidence that some individuals are genetically predisposed to developing a gambling disorder.
Gambling can be found in a variety of different settings, from traditional casinos and racetracks to video games and online slot machines. It can be a form of escapism or a way to relieve boredom. It can also satisfy the need for excitement and thrill, and it provides a sense of achievement. The reward pathway in the brain is affected by gambling, and as a result, new habits can develop that are difficult to break.
Unlike most other forms of addiction, gambling is very difficult to diagnose and treat. This is largely because there is no biological test for gambling disorder and, until recently, it was rarely recognised by psychiatric services. There are currently no medications that can be used to treat gambling disorder, and treatment options usually involve gradual withdrawal from the activity. There are a number of peer support groups for people who have problem gambling, and these can be useful, especially when combined with individual therapy.
Although some people who have a gambling disorder have been diagnosed with alcohol or drug addiction, the understanding of what makes people vulnerable to gambling disorder has changed significantly. This change has been reflected or stimulated by the changing clinical classification of pathological gambling in various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association.
It is important to recognise that there are many different causes of problem gambling, and the severity of an individual’s problem can vary significantly. Some people may have an underlying mood disorder that triggers or worsens their gambling behaviour, such as depression or anxiety. Others may find gambling as a way to cope with other issues in their life, such as relationships or work performance.
While most people who gamble do so without problem, some develop a gambling disorder that can have a negative impact on their family, friends and workplaces. This can lead to financial difficulty and even homelessness, so it is vital that anyone with a gambling problem seeks help. People who are concerned about someone else’s gambling should contact their GP or local alcohol and drugs service. For those who have serious difficulties with gambling, there are also inpatient and residential rehabilitation facilities available. Many of these facilities are based in the UK and offer a range of support services, including specialist therapies and support groups.